salvation

Does the new book really say that the NT has no application to us today?

Does the new book really say that the NT has no application to us today?

Graham Old (Leaving Münster) asked this question in response to some remarks that Peter Wilkinson made about my book Re: Mission: Biblical Mission for a Post-Biblical Church. Rather than address the question under the original book announcement I thought it better to start a new thread. It is the perennial problem of historical readings of the New Testament that they tend to distance the narrative from the reader today. We are accustomed to thinking that the gospel has direct personal relevance to us and to all humanity and we struggle to see how this can be the case if key categories such as ‘judgment’, ‘salvation’ and ‘forgiveness’ are to be historically contextualized. The issue under consideration here is not the whole of the New Testament but the particular question of what it means to say that ‘Christ died for our sins in accordance with the scriptures’ (1 Cor. 15:3). This continues the discussion from ‘The death of Jesus in the Gospels’ and ‘The death of Jesus in Paul’.

saved from what? terminology on "hell" please

can someone give me the terms and definitions used in OT and NT for hell and salvation? and a few of the places those particular words are used? i have read quite a few discussions on this forum and would like to have a little better understanding of the words that are actualy used - contextually of course.

The death of Jesus in Paul

The first and most important question we face in asking about the meaning of Jesus’ death in Paul is: What sort of thing are we looking for? This is necessarily a highly abbreviated analysis, but I think that what we need to find is not the right explanatory theory to superimpose on top of Paul’s various arguments and metaphors (substitutionary atonement, Christus Victor, moral influence, etc.) but the eschatological narrative that lies underneath them. The mistake that is typically made is to isolate the cross from the narrative context and transmute it into a singular metaphysical event that can in principle be formulated in terms of a theory of the atonement. This is not necessarily an illegitimate procedure, but problems arise when these theological constructs are turned round and used as interpretive grids for the reading of scripture.

The first and the last

Book: 
Revelation
Chapter: 
1
Verse: 
17
toVerse: 
18
Text: 

17 When I saw him, I fell at his feet as dead, and he placed his right hand upon me, saying, Do not be afraid; I am the first and the last,

18 and the living one, and I was dead, and behold I am living for the ages of the ages, and I have the keys of death and Hades.

Translation: 
My translation
Commentary: 

YHWH describes himself three times in Isaiah as ‘the first and the last’ (44:6; 48:12; cf. 41:4). The point in each case is that he is the one creator God who defeats the nations in order to save his people Israel (cf. 44:2; 48:14). When Jesus, therefore, tells John not to fear because he is the first and the last, he means that he is the one who has overcome the enemies of the people of God and brought restoration. Verse 18 makes it clear that this victory was achieved through his death and resurrection - but it is a victory for the church over the forces that threatened to destroy it (Rome / Satan / death).

The ‘sharp two-edged sword’ of the preceding verse may have the same connotation if Psalm 149:6-9 is in the background (distomos is not common in the LXX):

Let the high praises of God be in their throats and two-edged swords in their hands, to execute vengeance on the nations and punishments on the peoples, to bind their kings with chains and their nobles with fetters of iron, to execute on them the judgment written!


tags:

A light for revelation to the Gentiles

Book: 
Luke
Chapter: 
2
Verse: 
29
toVerse: 
32
Text: 

29 Lord, now you are letting your servant depart in peace, according to your word;

30 for my eyes have seen your salvation

31 that you have prepared in the presence of all peoples,

32 a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and for glory to your people Israel

Translation: 
ESV
Commentary: 

Simeon is a righteous and devout man who has been looking for the ‘consolation’ or ‘comforting’ (parakl?sis) of Israel. The phrase is an unmistakable reference to the theme of the ‘comforting’ of Israel and Zion that is found widely in Isaiah 40-66. The most interesting passage is Isaiah 52:7-10:

How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him who brings good news, who publishes peace, who brings good news of happiness, who publishes salvation, who says to Zion, “Your God reigns.” The voice of your watchmen - they lift up their voice; together they sing for joy; for eye to eye they see the return of the LORD to Zion. Break forth together into singing, you waste places of Jerusalem, for the LORD has comforted his people; he has redeemed Jerusalem. The LORD has bared his holy arm before the eyes of all the nations, and all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God.

Here we have an announcement of ‘good news’ that YHWH is returning to Zion following Israel’s protracted exile; he will defeat Israel’s enemies and reign as king. This is what Jesus will enact prophetically when he rides into Jerusalem on a donkey. The people of Israel will be comforted, forgiven; her judgment will be brought to an end (cf. Isaiah 40:1-2). Moreover, Isaiah’s statement ‘he has redeemed Jerusalem’ is picked up by Luke in his account of the prophetess Anna, who spoke of Jesus ‘to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem’ (Lk. 2:38).

When Isaiah says that ‘all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God’, he does not mean that all the ends of the earth will be saved or that they will hear the gospel. He means that the nations will see what God has done for his people. Arguably, Simeon makes the same limited point when he speaks of a salvation that has been ‘prepared in the presence of all peoples, a light for revelation to the Gentiles’ (Luke 2:30-31). The salvation of this oppressed people in the midst of the powerful and hostile nations of the world will reveal to the world the true nature of YHWH, especially his faithfulness towards the people of his promise.

Psalm 98:1-3 speaks of the salvation of Israel that God has ‘made known’; his righteousness has been ‘revealed… in the sight of the nations’. ‘All the ends of the earth have seen the salvation of our God.’ In Isaiah the servant of the Lord will bring about the restoration of Israel and in the process will be ‘a light for the nations’ (Is. 49:6; cf. 42:6). He will release the prisoners from darkness (Is. 49:6; cf. 42:7; 61:1), he will open the eyes of the blind (42:7); he will ‘bring back the preserved of Israel’ (49:6). But this salvation will have an impact on the nations: they will see what God has done for his people (52:10), they will see the character of his righteousness and justice, they will acknowledge his power and glory (49:7), they will be instrumental in bringing back the scattered Jews to Zion (49:22; 60:4), they will travel to see the ‘light’ of Israel, bringing tribute and praise (60:1-14), they will recognize the people of Israel as ‘priests of the Lord… ministers of our God’ (61:6), they will see the righteousness and glory of Israel (62:2).

The point is that what is envisaged in the birth stories is not a universal salvation but the deliverance of a people from oppression and the restoration of worship and justice. This is a localized event, but it will not go unnoticed in the world; it will have a profound impact on the nations. The journey of the magi to pay homage to the new king exemplifies this.

A narrative theology needs to respect these constraints. But a narrative theology must also, of course, ask questions about where this national salvation leads. What is the place in the world of a people that has been saved by the child who was to travel a path of suffering obedience in order to become Israel’s king?

Simeon is a righteous and devout man who has been looking for the ‘consolation’ or ‘comforting’ (paraklēsis) of Israel. The phrase is an unmistakable reference to the theme of the ‘comforting’ of Israel and Zion that is found widely in Isaiah 40-66. The most interesting passage is Isaiah 52:7-10. Here we have an announcement of ‘good news’ that YHWH is returning to Zion following Israel’s protracted exile; he will defeat Israel’s enemies and reign as king. This is what Jesus will enact prophetically when he rides into Jerusalem on a donkey. The people of Israel will be comforted, forgiven; her judgment will be brought to an end (cf. Isaiah 40:1-2). Moreover, Isaiah’s statement ‘he has redeemed Jerusalem’ is picked up by Luke in his account of the prophetess Anna, who spoke of Jesus ‘to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem’ (Lk. 2:38).


He will save his people from their sins

Book: 
Matthew
Chapter: 
1
Verse: 
20
toVerse: 
21
Text: 

20 But as he thought about these things, behold, a messenger of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying, ‘Joseph, son of David, do not fear to take Mary as your wife; for what was conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit.

21 And she will bear a son, and you will call his name Jesus, for he shall save his people from their sins.

Translation: 
My translation
Commentary: 

Joseph is told by the angel that the boy will be called Jesus because ‘he will save his people from their sins’. We expect the Christmas story to have universal relevance, good news for all mankind, but the message here is only that Jesus will be Israel’s saviour: he will save his people. The reference to Israel’s ‘sins’ should also be understood in a quite specific eschatological sense. These are the sins that have placed the nation under judgment, the outcome of which will be political destruction if the nation qua nation does not repent. We should hear in the background passages such as Micah 3:8-12, not least because Micah has the prophecy about a ruler who will come from Bethlehem:

But as for me, I am filled with power, with the Spirit of the LORD, and with justice and might, to declare to Jacob his transgression and to Israel his sin. Hear this, you heads of the house of Jacob and rulers of the house of Israel, who detest justice and make crooked all that is straight, who build Zion with blood and Jerusalem with iniquity. Its heads give judgment for a bribe; its priests teach for a price; its prophets practice divination for money; yet they lean on the LORD and say, “Is not the LORD in the midst of us? No disaster shall come upon us.” Therefore because of you Zion shall be plowed as a field; Jerusalem shall become a heap of ruins, and the mountain of the house a wooded height.

Jerusalem again faces devastation because of the corruption, injustice and hypocrisy of Israel’s leaders. Jesus is portrayed as the one who will deliver God’s people from the appalling consequences of the vitiated religious and social life of the nation.

This is the first of a series of brief exegetical reflections on the birth narratives. I hope they will show that the Christmas stories are not merely the product of pious fancy but have serious thematic relevance for a historical reading of the Gospels. But whatever you make of them, I wish you a merry and meaningful Christmas.

Joseph is told by the angel that the boy will be called Jesus because ‘he will save his people from their sins’. We expect the Christmas story to have universal relevance, good news for all mankind, but the message here is only that Jesus will be Israel’s saviour: he will save his people. The reference to Israel’s ‘sins’ should also be understood in a quite specific eschatological sense. These are the sins that have placed the nation under judgment, the outcome of which will be political destruction if the nation qua nation does not repent.


The sick need a physician

Book: 
Matthew
Chapter: 
9
Verse: 
10
toVerse: 
13
Text: 

10 And as Jesus reclined at table in the house, behold, many tax collectors and sinners came and were reclining with Jesus and his disciples.

11 And when the Pharisees saw this, they said to his disciples, “Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?”

12 But when he heard it, he said, “Those who are well have no need of a physician, but those who are sick.

13 Go and learn what this means, ‘I desire mercy, and not sacrifice.’ For I came not to call the righteous, but sinners.”

Translation: 
ESV
Commentary: 

The allusion to Hos. 6:6 LXX (‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice’) brings into view the wider context of Hosea’s prophecy. The people of Israel will take their sacrificial animals to the temple, but they will not find the Lord there (Hos. 5:6). He has withdrawn from them until they acknowledge their guilt and seek his face, saying: ‘Come, let us return to the Lord; for he has torn us, that he may heal us; he has struck us down, and he will bind us up. After two days he will revive us; on the third day he will raise us up, that we may live before him’ (Hos. 6:1-2).

Here is the significance of the saying about the physician. Israel is sick (figuratively) because it is under judgment; if the people repent and turn to the Lord, they will be healed - and significantly will be raised up on the third day to live before God. The tax collectors and sinners perhaps then represent that part of the population that turns to the Lord in their distress looking for healing and resurrection.

The healings in the Gospels are, of course, a concrete prophetic enactment of this forgiveness.

The allusion to Hos. 6:6 LXX (‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice’) brings into view the wider context of Hosea’s prophecy. The people of Israel will take their sacrificial animals to the temple, but they will not find the Lord there (Hos. 5:6). He has withdrawn from them until they acknowledge their guilt and seek his face, saying: ‘Come, let us return to the Lord; for he has torn us, that he may heal us; he has struck us down, and he will bind us up. After two days he will revive us; on the third day he will raise us up, that we may live before him’ (Hos. 6:1-2).


NT Wright, Abraham, evil, and 'light for the nations'

I want to pick up on a couple of issues that Paul Hartigan raised in his ‘NT Wright is seriously wrong’ post. They do not appear as yet to have been covered at any length in the discussion, which has focused on the question of whether the Bible offers us a good God / bad God scenario, though the thread has got rather long and I could easily have missed something.

Universal Restoration.

i did a site search on the teaching often referred to as universal restoration or universal redemption - and found zip.

after 25 years as a christian - on both the inside and the outside of the organised evangelical church - i now find myself looking closely at this teaching and feeling quietly excited and liberated by it.

Proclamation summary

Recently, a Christian friend who is working in East Asia, and with whom I correspond, has been asking timely, for him, questions about how to talk about Jesus to people who have no religious background. In our dialogue, and spurred on by much that I have been reading at this site, I spent a day re-reading Acts with particular emphasis on what Luke recorded was actually said during ‘proclamation events.’ I have added below the summary I sent my friend. Some of the formatting is awkward, and someday when i have time i will come back and make it better!

Proclamation in Acts

The following is an attempt to summarize the core of each of the different proclamation events in Acts. The idea is that perhaps we can understand better what we should be saying to people by looking at the little bit of information we have of what the early church was saying to their contemporaries.