What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
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I asked the question in a post about the future of the European church regarding the sustainability of the Holy Trinity Brompton model of church-planting: 'Will its Alpha course theology – a powerful fusion of classic evangelical certitude and charismatic fervour – remain forever impervious to postmodern or post-evangelical critique?' Josh Rowley added a comment in which he suggested that Alpha in the US was 'more a passing fad than something sustainable', and added: 'I would add that its theology seems to be warmed-over, garden-variety evangelicalism—blissfully unaware of the critique of its hermeneutics, ecclesiology, eschatology, missiology, and soteriology that has been offered by missional and emergent thinkers.' Some half-hearted research has produced statistics for worldwide and US growth of the Alpha Course, which perhaps suggest that growth in the US has reached a plateau but that globally the Course is still massively popular. The AlphaFriends website has the following worldwide growth statistics. Notice that the figures for 2009 are only for the first six months, suggesting a huge jump for this year:
I got these figures for the US from another source:
This raises the question: What is it exactly that has made the Alpha Course impervious to postmodern or post-evangelical critique? I have had this conversation quite often but I can't say that I have any very profound insights into the mystery. My guess is that four main factors have given it a measure of immunity the debilitating swine flu of postmodern suspicion. i) Success breeds success. The Alpha Course instils confidence, and if churches do something like this confidently and with conviction, it is more likely to work. One thing the church in the UK at least has lacked in recent decades is confidence. The PR for the Alpha Course has also been pretty good. I should add that we hosted a number of Alpha Courses when we were living in the Hague, and for all my reservations about its theological content, I fully acknowledge the potential it has to stimulate or reinvigorate faith. ii) Not all churches use the Alpha DVD, but it seems to me that watching Nicky Gumbel on screen, with his reassuring and undemonstrative upper middle class manner, creates enough social distance for people not to feel manipulated by the presentation. It would be very interesting to consider how such a peculiarly English style is interpreted under very different cultural conditions around the world. And of course, not every part of the world is as cynical and jaded as the postmodern West. iii) I should think that in most cases the discussion part of the evening is open enough for people to feel that they can say what they think. I'm sure participating Christians are often too quick to give the right answer, but the course does a reasonably good job of nurturing genuine enquiry. At least in the short term that presumably heads off much of the post-evangelical complaint about a lack of intellectual integrity. There is also a very powerful experiential part to it that compensates for the heady apologetics, though it remains firmly within the modern evangelical-charismatic paradigm. iv) The biggest factor is probably the relational-social component. The Course generates a form of open spiritual community around the meals and discussions that appeals both to believers and seekers. I suspect a big part of its success comes from the fact that it offers a more exciting and authentic experience of meaningful community for Christians than they find in the normal routine of church life. I imagine a lot of people suffer from post-Alpha depression as a result. These considerations go some way towards explaining the continuing popularity of the Alpha Course – and that may be enough to account for the fact that it appears to be, in Josh's words, 'blissfully unaware of the critique of its hermeneutics, ecclesiology, eschatology, missiology, and soteriology that has been offered by missional and emergent thinkers'. If it ain't broke, don't fix it.
We should keep in mind, however, that the emerging or postmodern church phenomenon is largely a reaction against the modern evangelical-charismatic movement. It is driven and defined for the most part by people (like me) who have spent 10 or 20 years in this world and have got tired of its contradictions and constraints, and so on. This means that the emerging church is probably not a good entry point into the faith – it has evolved to deal with a quite different set of issues. The Alpha Course, by contrast, makes an excellent entry point because it carries conviction, it knows what it believes. The question is: What will happen to the Alpha generation in 10 or 20 years time? Will the Alpha worldview still hold water once the initial excitement of faith has worn off? Or will the same cracks appear? There is clearly an important discussion to be had regarding how these two perspectives on the life and mind of faith relate to each other, understand each other. It may be that the emerging church needs the Alpha Course more than it realizes; but equally the emerging church is raising questions that in the long run the Alpha Course cannot afford to ignore. |
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Re: What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
I agree with this summary of the strengths of the Alpha Course, which we have ourselves used. The course has been reviewed and evaluated extensively - just type ‘alpha course evaluation’ or something similar in your search engine. There is also a book on the subject, but I lent my copy to someone and can’t remember the title or author.
A reflection of the on-going evaluation of Alpha can be seen in the numerous courses now on offer appealing to various niche sections of the market, which recognise that conversion to Christianity is more of a process than a crisis, and people prefer a more intimate gathering which provides interaction and has a social base than a big meeting and a speaker. But none of these has overtaken Alpha in general appeal.
I’m not aware of any post-modern or post-evangelical serious criticism of the course. In fact the style of the course in many ways lends itself to a post-modern ethos. It’s also astonishing that Alpha itself continues with the same format and content that it started with - despite extensive evaluation suggesting it needs change - even within its evangelical theological format.
We moved from the Alpha Course to the Y Course, because we felt that Alpha assumed far too much Christian knowledge of its participants, and catapaulted participants from ‘proofs’ of Christ’s existence through reliability of the gospels (week 1), to why he died on the cross (week 2), and then into issues of Christian discipleship which assume the participant has already made a positive decision about being a follower of Christ.
However we found that the Y Course, though having a much better step-by-step structure and apologetic logic, and drawing on the Alpha Course style, also had its weaknesses, which pointed up the strengths of the content of Alpha - such as the simplicity of each section of the Alpha course.
Another criticism would be that in Alpha and Y, and many of the copy-cat variants, it is assumed that a group of people will be happy to listen to someone talking uninterruptedly for 20-45 mins. We therefore moved on to a presentation involving NOOMA dvds - which tend to be less speaker-focused, but these raised a fresh set of issues!
The real issue for us has been the initial receptivity of the group receiving the presentation. Most of our sessions have been something approaching a weekly riot, yet some have become not only adherents of the church as a result, but committed followers of Christ - which is the overarching goal. We do seem to attract a highly eclectic clientele however; which has made me long for quiet, polite, thoughtful professional upper middle class people who discuss things sensibly and respectfully. Maybe such people don’t really exist.
This isn’t coming to the heart of the issue however, which is: how should the Christian faith be presented to interested (or co-erced) enquirers in a post-modern culture? Is there a postmodern version of things which would work any more successfully in today’s culture than Alpha? And what needs to be changed in the way of theological emphasis or format? For though the shortcomings of Alpha are easily identified, it is proving less easy to provide satisfying alternatives of whatever theological persuasion.
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Re: What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
Interesting insights from both of you. Peter, what did you have in mind when you wrote, “In fact the style of the course in many ways lends itself to a post-modern ethos”?
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Re: What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
Josh - by ‘style’ I had in mind things like social setting (a meal), intimate small group focus, free-flowing discussion, affirmation of a range of opinions (not necessarily the ‘correct’ opinion), development of friendships over a period of time, - which fit with a post-modern style or ethos.
Other aspects of Alpha would probably not fit with a post-modern ethos - such as a structure which has a predetermined conclusion in view, slightly institutional feel of a larger gathering in a church hall or similar with a speaker/preacher, and the fairly rigidly circumscribed content of the talks - which may present a somewhat simplistic view of things.
The ‘post-evangelical’ complaint is that while the evangelical ethos is good at obtaining converts, it is less good at nurturing mature disciples. This lack of maturity can be encouraged through a prescriptive orthodoxy, unwillingness to permit exploration beyond its own doctrines and church culture, and promotion of these rather than a more inwardly developed and discerned love of God and love of God’s world. For instance, study or preaching of the bible within the evangelical fold can become more a development of an orthodox interpretation rather than a dynamic interaction of reader and text.
As with all generalisations, these statements can be as subject to disproof as they are likely to reflect the truth. I disagree that evangelical theology contains inherent contradictions (though like all theology it may contain paradoxes), but I do think that evangelical culture has a tendency towards the constraint of mature thinking.
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Re: What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
Well said. I agree that Alpha is a mix of the modern and postmodern in the way you have described.
I’m not sure what contradictions Andrew had in mind, but I do think evangelicalism reflects modernity (rather than the biblical story) more than most evangelicals seem to know. Its individualism and its dichotomization of the private and the public, the spiritual and the physical, for example—all of which leads to a reductionistic ecclesiology, soteriology, and eschatology (as in “when I die my soul will go to heaven”).
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Re: What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
The UK newspaper ‘The Guardian’ is running a series in which a sceptical participant, Adam Rutherford, notes his (well written) week by week experiences of an Alpha course. The week on the resurrection of Jesus prompted a vigorous (and also well written) response from Tom Wright, the Bishop of Durham. Wright’s response can be found here, as well as the link to the original article.
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Re: What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
Thanks for the link, Peter. As usual, Wright is solid. What I find interesting, though, is the fact that Alpha is not convincing the skeptic. I wonder how many Alpha converts are truly skeptical, and how many are simply nominal Christians brought closer into the fold.
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Re: What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
Adam Rutherford refers to the issue of attenders of Alpha Course already having a Christian background in his first article on the Alpha Course - where nominal Christians are described as ‘dechurched’ (or more accurately, those who once attended a church but have since ceased to do so). There are more of these than ‘unchurched’ on the course - those who have had no contact at all with a church. Also there is a couple attending the course for the second time. Rutherford raises the question of whether the overall figures for attendance at Alpha Courses take account of repeat attendances.
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Re: What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
Ah! Thanks for the info. Very interesting.
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Re: What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
My question is the other way round: Not what can they learn from me but What is the challenge of Alpha to the emergent conversation?
We use Alpha (still and with some of the brightest students in the UK) though the first time I ever really stopped and thought about the material for teaching it I was (and remain) amazed how like simple evnagelical bible-teaching it was. And then the DVDs -very plummy accents, West London culture (perhaps you heard the one about how many members of HTB it takes to change a light bulb…) and still bascially a grainy video of posh bloke talking to a pretty(,!) docile congregation. There’s no effective follow-up material (contrast Emmaus) and it largely works to get semi-Churched (Anglicans) back in the active fold (with many many impressive exceptions).
Perhaps one thing that commends it to people is one that a postmodern analysis can’t assign to it: simple truth allied to real experience of God. Sorry but I just can’t get past that. Being in reaction against the idea that these things (anything) can be that simple, both of these things can blind us to their attractiveness. In post modern talk such things are understood as ‘simplistic’, ‘certitude’ and ‘shallow subjectivism’ etc., we don’t want to be dismissive but we just can’t help feeling superior to those we have left behind or grown up from. This the zeitgeist I am wading around in: start with sociological categories and move toward theology and ally this to a narrative about modernity and postmodernity in culture being the same and inevitable journey as the one from personal naivety to maturity. Of course there is no such thing as inevitability in the progress of history (other than that a faithful adn just God will bring it all to his good and promised end). In the wake of 9/11 America is seething with New Calvinism rampant. If the emerging Church scene is to grow to maturity it will have to stop being a small disillusioned group of reactive intellectuals dressing up in the thin clothing of a missional agenda and demonstrate an ability to be truly transformative movement for a mass of people. And there’s the rub - anything mass is understood as essentially an inevitably coersive and thus inherently undesireable. Simplitically, this is the challenge of mass popular relgious movement in our global village and thus the challenge of Alpha to the emergent church: stop sniping, do something that works on an international scale and then we’ll listen.
But more deeply Alpha issues another challenge: the question of truth. Know what key truths (avoiding denominational controversy and faddishness) about the life of faith you think really matter and bang on about them for all you’re worth. Alpha is so propositional that it does my head in but it’s not pretending that it is anything other than a start, you can eat and discuss to your heart’s content and the basic ideas are so simple they are really unobjectionable for those who are not the scarred, sophisticated or disillusioned of many long church battles but the people off the street who know nowt of Jesus or Christian faith other that that it is boring, irrelevant or untrue.
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Re: What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
The inserted link will be interesting reading for some, I think.
I’m not sure where else one could find an essay where, this post, American Episcopalians, Global Anglicans, African Christians, Emergents, the Orthodox, Christian Progressives, Postmoderns, Brian Mclaren, Alpha -“blissfully unaware of the critique of its hermeneutics, ecclesiology, eschatology, missiology, and soteriology that has been offered by missional and emergent thinkers.”, fundamentalists, evangelicalists, LGBTs and colonial religious supremists are all yoked in uneasy fellowship.
It is an enlightening post. I realize, sadly, that much thought, energy and ink will be expended in dissecting it, in critical analysis of it, in exposing and highlighting its shortcomings. I wonder if as much effort will be given to reading it with a mind to understand that it expresses what a large number of Christians in America, Africa and the Southern Cone believe.
Bishop John Shelby Spong dismisses the African Bishops orthodoxy essentially by saying, what do they really know of sophisticated hermeunitics and soteriology? They are just a few steps out of witchcraft. It makes one wonder just who are the real colonial religious supremists? Perhaps Bishop Spong is exasperated that the African Church views America as a rich mission field for the gospel of Jesus Christ.
Read and inwardly digest. http://www.virtueonline.org/portal/modules/news/article.php?storyid=10922
Alario
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Re: What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
Three: Two to mix the Pimms and one to call the electirican.
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Re: What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
HTB are doing some great theolgical education and have used people like Fee and NTW at their events before. Yes Alpha is simple but their people know their theological beans and Alpha and Ken Costa’s begging bowl are funding some impressive work. Starting simple and staying simple is problematic. Starting simple and producing a theologicaly-educated generation of missionally-minded leaders for communities across London? Not so much.
On ‘inevitable developmental trajectory’ I just don’t agree. Partly the objection is theoligical. It just sounds like C19 Hegelianism (or imperialist Calvinism). Kierkegaard said that historical progress is not inevitable and that faith involves truth claims and certainty and in this it is distinguished from the probable truths of history.
But my main objection is empirical: there are are steady stream of ex-emergents rejoining mainstream church tired of the self-indulgent, disillusioned, hurt, angry, cynical, largely intellectual, profesional and arty emergent people in search of a satifying spirituality which leads them on a journey down their own navel. This is of course an unfair characterisation, but I suggest, no more unfair than the caricature of Alpha-types in this thread. There is cross-traffic in both directions. Maintream historic evangelicalism can afford this cross traffic, ‘emergent’ surely can’t. Once a robust critique builds up from those who ahve made teh journey and returned the outflow to emergent may dry up. If we don’t think this happens in both directions its only because we are so far apart that we think that the new arrivals on our side are part of an ‘inevitable’ trajectory. As you said in a post, ‘emergent’ is largely a parastic movement (you didn’t call it that but I don’t think I’m being unfair to your meaning) - it draws on (and needs) the disillusioned edges of evangelical church.
But, on the way out of emergent, many head for something much more extreme than HTB - usually fundamentalist, largely Anglican, churches (you know where I mean), who really are peddaling the mid-century personal, pietistic fundamentalism under discussion. Just as we may feel evangelicalism ‘inevitably’ feeds ‘emergent’, ironically the reverse may also be true.
Let’s ask ourselves a different question: Where do emergents go to Church when they have kids? Who do they trust with the thing that is most precious to them in their lives? They may well take them to Greenbelt to hear Gene Robinson and learn to be genially tolerant in an area that is ‘fundamentally contested’. But they will pack them off to Soul Survior too and attend a good evangelical/charismatic service on a Sunday because they know that kids there mostly grow up in the faith. Am I unfair to the vast majority in this category? As (Groucho!) Marx said: ‘These are my principles, if you don’t like them I have others’.
Isn’t it possible to be post-cynical, orthodox, evangelical, charismatic, missional, embrace the second naivety, love Jesus, not receive a stipend from the state church, be healthy, healed, post-emergent, post-postmodern, theologically interested, intellectually alive, culturally engaged and even potentially have a sense of humour? I hope so.But I’m sure we would have to choose to go there rather than just ride the inevitable tide of history.
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Re: What has the emerging church to do with the Alpha Course?
On the joke - do I have to defend the subtleties? Two conveys the nuance that there are West London chaps and chapesses at leisure having fun together mixing drinks, hinting at a now-no-longer-unstated (and unfair, but it was a joke) affable, monied, communal aestivation.
More substantially. You’re right Fee is not progressive. Who cares? Is he right? Tom Wright? Well he has his own version of ‘progressive’ but would eschew the term, with his particular take on the New Perspective on 50% of which the jury is still very much out (continuing exile, Jewish background to justification, Lordship and empire).
I know emergent love NTW but he bizarrely he is very, very conservative on (i) keeping bishops in castles; (ii) keeping bishops in the house of Lords; (iii) keeping the Anglican communion for the broadly orthodox centre and sod the two wings; (iv) homosexuality; (v) worshipping according to Anglican authorised liturgy. I love Tom and his stuff but it’s getting a rough ride in the (real) academy (not Piper) and what will survive is going to come out very pared down.
Ironically NTW and the bishops of the Church of England want nothing to do with your rhetoric of post-Christendom as it will mean embracing their inevitable loss of influence as a state Church. One bright young, influential and newly-appointed diocesan bishop asked me: ‘What’s wrong with Christendom? - We’d like it back’. Arggg….
So is NTW progressive? Yes and no. Why do emergents love him? - because he is an intellectually exciting, orthodox alternative to evangelical propositionalism.
I’m glad you have found somewhere good to lay your head church-wise (and I’m sure you are contributing and helping create trust in it too) but there is much good and excellent out there in every stream and tradition. Now tell me it is not full of professional, arty, post charismatic-evangelical, middle aged, middle-class intellectuals who have left something else…
But I’m not defending the HTB format (far too establishment for me but better than ‘the other places’) I’m just pointing out that when we stop asking where I am comfortable (I know, on an uncomfortable journey…) with Church and ask where will our kids find faith it puts the issues very sharply and many many emergents discover a sneaking admiration for those contexts that are going to do it for the kids. In my view that lacks honesty. In fifteen years you will be able to tell me I’m wrong and that kids are growing up in healthy emergent congregations. I’m just noting that many parents don’t do that and now I’m wondering who is being cynical.
Hegelian dialectics are part of the inevitable progress of history. I’m saying we must choose a healthy alternative.
Sorry about the CC guy, it happens a lot here but the USA is mad. I’ve just visted two friends there who have spent four years failing to find a church they can beleive in. I’d forgotten that people still think that mission means only personal evangelism or sending missionaries to darkest Peru. People like Ichthus have been saying different for so long that if being emergent is about saying such blindingly obvious things then sign me up. I’m looking for a intellectually alive, biblically literate, evangelical, charismatic, post-postmodern, non-Anglican, socially engaged, missionally-orientated network of communities to provide a home for such people. Does such network exist? Maybe not yet.
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Re: Adam Rutherford on the Alpha Course
Fascinating interview. I was struck by the fact that Alpha, as described by Gumbel, seems to be something that was just stumbled onto, and that has been continued simply because it works (in a numerical sense).
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