NT Wright, mission, and the big red balloon
It appears to be a core theme of Tom Wright’s Simply Christian that the mission of God - and therefore of the people of God - is to rescue the world and put it to rights. The Bible, he says, tells the story of a ‘good creator longing to put the world back into the good order for which it was designed’; it is the story of what the ‘one creator God has been doing to rescue his beautiful world and to put it to rights’ (40, 41); it is the story of how the ‘creator God is rescuing the creation from its rebellion, brokenness, corruption and death’ (159). Following the thorough-going collapse of human society depicted in Genesis 1-11, Wright argues, God calls Abraham and his descendants, ‘somehow, to be the means of God putting things to rights, the spearhead of God’s rescue operation’ (64); and what Abraham sees in his mind’s eye is this world restored to peace and justice:
But Israel failed to keep its side of the bargain with YHWH, so Wright asks, ‘what happens when the lifeboat which sets off to rescue the wrecked ship is itself trapped between the rocks and the waves, itself in need of rescue?’ My question is whether this metaphor of a ‘lifeboat’ properly captures the ‘missional’ purpose of the people of God as they have inherited, first by birth, then by faith, the promise to Abraham. Yes, the original creation, the macrocosm, is like a wrecked ship - or at least a ship whose wilful, belligerent crew has mutinied, thrown its captain overboard, and set off on some madcap and destructive venture of its own devising. And yes, the ship of Israel certainly runs into trouble, because it is subject to the same power of sin, and is in need of rescuing. But was the original missional intention that by means of the lifeboat of Israel the wrecked or wayward vessel of human society would be rescued and put back on course? It seems to me more accurate to say that God built the much smaller ship of Israel to be a ‘new creation’, a manageable microcosm, set apart from the world, which through obedience to the Law would hold fast to the purpose of the original creation. There is nothing in the promise to Abraham that suggests that God intended to rescue or transform the world through him and his descendants. His family would potentially transmit the creational blessing to the nations, but does that entail the rescue of the nations? Or is it something more like a priestly function - the nations only experience the blessing of the creator indirectly, through the mediating role of the people of God? Isn’t this, after all, the implication of YHWH’s words to Moses, echoed in the New Testament by Peter, that Israel would be a ‘kingdom of priests and a holy nation’ (Ex. 19:6; cf. 1 Pet. 2:9)? We should not overlook the fact, moreover, that the family of Abraham may also mediate a curse to the nations. What we have in the story of Abraham and his descendants is not a mission to rescue or transform the world or put it to rights but the creation of an alternative humanity in the midst of the nations of the earth, a people that will be for YHWH’s own possession when all the other nations have rejected him in favour of their own manufactured gods (cf. Ex. 19:5; Ps. 135:4-5). It becomes part of the story of that people that it is redeemed from the oppressive clutches of the world - that is the significance of the Exodus; and when the microcosm breaks down, it needs to be rescued or saved from destruction by nations that have become not the recipients of blessing but mortal enemies. That is the story of Jesus; and one of the more or less unforeseen consequences of this decisive rescue of the microcosm is that Gentiles are permitted on board the ship. It is in this sense that the seed of Abraham, as Paul maintains in Romans 4:13, inherits the whole earth - so that, as Wright likes to say, the whole world becomes God’s holy land. The long-term outcome of all this, however, is not the eventual or progressive rescue of the world, as such - certainly not in the sense that Brian McLaren seems to envisage in Everything Must Change. There is no vision of the whole earth being brought under the kingship of God. Wright argues that the book of Daniel ‘emphasizes the undying hope that the whole world will somehow be brought to order under the kingship of the one creator God, YHWH, the God of Abraham’ (69). But I think this is mistaken. The message of Daniel is that YHWH will defeat, indeed destroy, the monstrous imperial powers that threaten Israel, will vindicate the righteous who remain true to the covenant even at the cost of their lives, and will establish an everlasting reign over his people in the place of their oppressors. But I don’t see that this amounts to the whole world being brought to order under the kingship of YHWH. The sovereignty of God is expressed not in the rescue of the nations so that they become havens of peace and justice but in his righteous action on behalf of his people. This nuance is captured in a later statement: ‘The church exists… for what we sometimes call "mission": to announce to the world that Jesus is its Lord’ (emphasis added). But then Wright elaborates upon this:
In general terms I suppose one shouldn’t really quibble with this. If the world becomes a better place because the church announces that Jesus is its Lord, then who am I to complain? But as a matter of biblical interpretation and perhaps of missional orientation, this seems to me misleading. Neither in Judea nor in the Greek-Roman world did the announcement of that ‘good news’ transform people and societies’. Rather it lead to the formation of an alternative people and society that had a hard enough time preserving its own righteousness. I went out today and bought my wife a big, red, heart-shaped, helium-filled balloon for Valentine’s Day. It says ‘Kiss Me!’ in big letters. (Hopefully she won’t read this before tomorrow, otherwise it won’t be much of a surprise!) The church has sometimes imagined that it is a big, red, heart-shaped balloon whose purpose is to get bigger and bigger until it fills all available space - and the whole world is put to rights. My argument would be that the purpose of the balloon is less ambitious than that - simply to float there in the middle of the room, well-inflated, shiny, true to itself, bearing a message of love, and visible to all as a blessing and as a benchmark of righteousness. Size is not really the issue: it is the quality and visibility of the balloon, this embodiment by grace of God’s creational purpose, that matters. There is, of course, a lot more to take into consideration than can be covered in this post, but it seems to me that this way of thinking holds true pretty well for scripture as a whole. So for example, I would argue that what we find in Isaiah is not the ‘idea of God coming to the rescue, on the one hand, and of God completing creation and putting it to rights, on the other hand’ (40). It is the idea of God rescuing the microcosm of Israel and putting it to rights in a way that will have a profound impact on the nations, bringing judgment on Israel’s enemies, on the one hand, and eliciting amazement and tribute, on the other. But it is Israel, not the world, which is transformed, which is imagined as creation made new. When Isaiah says that the messiah will judge the poor with righteousness, decide with equity for the meek of the land, strike the land with the rod of his mouth, and destroy the wicked (Is. 11:4), what he has in mind is not a universal reign which will ‘bring peace, justice and a completely new harmony to the whole creation’ (74) but the judgment and restoration of Israel. That act of justice, rescue and rule will make Israel a sign to the nations (11:10), or a light to the nations (42:6; 49:6; 60:3), in a way which I think is best captured in the idea of a ‘prophetic church’. In that sense the church embodies in itself, in its own life, a ‘vision of peace and hope’ for the world, but this does not entail the sort of worldwide transformation that Wright appears to have in mind. The Bible on the whole is not especially sanguine about the fate of the macrocosm. There is always the possibility of people being redeemed from the corrupt, violent, unjust, immoral and idolatrous world and becoming part of the microcosm; but there is no prospect, as far as I can see, of the world as a whole being put to rights. In the end, the old creation must flee away before the throne of God’s final judgment on humanity, and a new heaven and new earth must be made before those deep biblical hopes for justice and peace are fulfilled. This cannot really be characterized as the rescue of the foundering ship of God’s creation. That ship has sunk without trace, and a completely new one has been made. |
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Re: NT Wright, mission, and the big red balloon
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Re: NT Wright, mission, and the big red balloon
So how is it then that people have added themselves/been added to the people of God since Pentecost? If there was no announcement, then how did people come to know what was going on in the church and become part of whatever it was they had to offer?
Why is it that a phenomenon which was at first limited to Jerusalem spread so rapidly across Asia Minor, to the European mainland in one direction, and eastwards to Persia, India and China in the other direction, and today is the predominant religion in the world if there was nothing to tell anyone about?
If I were sitting on a belief which offered actual access to a holy God, who would accept me just as I am, and provided a means not only for forgiveness of everything in my life which represented participation in the mutiny aboard the ship which has been described, but would infuse into my life a power and a life which would change my character so that it was no longer dragged down by the gravitational pull of death, but would overcome death - both in all that it represents in this life, and in a life to come, in which I could participate in the fulfilment of creation’s purposes both now and in a life to come, and offer genuine change to a society and culture that is, in the end, locked in futility … wouldn’t it be considered gravely reprehensible if I told nobody about it?
Or is this a message which our jaded palates have grown tired of, and we would rather have something else - something - something more spicey, something new, something more novel?
Sorry Andrew - I’m not having a dig; I just had to get this out of my system so it wasn’t preying on me. It’s very injurious to one’s health to suppress things. I’m done! Also you are one better than me: I don’t yet have anything to give my wife for Valentine’s Day - I’ll have to think of something quick!
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Re: NT Wright, mission, and the big red balloon
Maybe the mustard seed became a tree which was the largest of garden plants, so that birds could come and perch in its branches. Maybe the rock became a mountain that filled the whole earth.
The intention was not to change Roman or Jewish society (and why the Visigoths?). Something even more impressive than that was happening. The balloon which floated upwards and said: ‘Look at me!’ became a balloon that spread throughout societies and cultures as it spread throughout the world. It did this through being God’s alternative society, through being and proclaiming a Jesus who made that possible in the lives of each person who heard it.
The function of the priesthood was towards God and towards the people. We are that priesthood if we minister to both - to those who already believe and those who don’t believe. Our temple is now the whole world.
Yes I missed the point. All of life’s major advances and developments have come through people who missed the point. And now what am I going to do tomorrow to atone for my sin of omission? It can’t be a balloon. I could start by getting the early morning cup of tea. It could continue by a romantic evening out at the weekend - after all the 14 Feb hullabaloo has died down. Andrew - be my role model! Think of something!
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Re: NT Wright, mission, and the big red balloon
A bouquet of spring flowers from M&S (red roses are so uninspiring) and a table for two (tonight), at the Queens Head, East Clandon. I think I got away with it.
The Queens Head was introduced to me by a friend who runs a pastoral ministry to gay Christian people up and down the country. It changed its name to The Wishing Well, but then changed back again when he started patronising it. Co-incidence?
Our midweek homegroup met on Thursday evening - all 12 of us - and were looking at The Five Languages of Love. It was very good,and we’ll talk about it tonight over our candlelit dinner - but I thought: rather sad that we are all here, and not enjoying candlelit dinners at some suitable romantic venue.
But then - Valentine’s Day? A commercial fraud perpetrated on us by the purveyors of cards and cut flowers?
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Re: NT Wright, mission, and the big red balloon
Andrew,
Your point is well taken. I can’t help but wonder, though, what implications that understanding may have. I grew up in a church setting that used collective funds only to the benefit of “the church,” while personal giving to “the world” was occasionally mentioned. There is a certain coherent logic to that understanding; the new creation taking care of itself and showing a different way of living and caring would potentially draw others into that new creation.
Would you be willing to expound on what you think the implications are regarding a “new creation” understanding versus a “transforming” understanding, in terms of what the church should be doing and focusing on?
Thanks for your consideration and insight.
Tony
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Re: NT Wright, mission, and the big red balloon
Interesting idea you have there.
While It doesn’t seem that the Bible ever pictures the whole earth as assumed within the Abrahamic Covenent, it is ubiquitous that Yhwh is indeed king over the Earth, and that in time, all nations will eventually acknowledge that dominion, and he will bring peace an justice to all (dare one call that ‘rescue’?). Isaiah 2:1-5 imagines this especially in terms of the nations streaming up to the temple. They themselves have not become the temple, but they receive the blessing, that I think can approriatly be called ‘rescue,’ via the Yhwh cult (or Jerusalem Temple, or Church, or whatever).
Furthermore, Wright’s idea of Daniel has some basis, particularly in connection with Nebuchadnezzar’s dream, and the stone that becomes a whole mountian filling the earth (which particular sounds like an idea your post condems concerning the expansion of a red ballon). Though the latter part of Daniel does seem to place a greater emphasis on the vindication of the righteous, part of that vindication is dominion over the nations (7:28?).
Of course, you are not denying that God will eventually rule over the whole earth, as far as I can tell (which, you know better than I, would go against the implication of a good many scriptures).
The issue seems to me to be a matter of timing. When are the nations to be ‘rescued’ (or perhape compelled to submit) by God? You place this in the future, at the second coming I pressume. The Old Testament sometimes supports this view, showing the judgment of the nations, vindication of Israel, and the global rescue all in one fell swoop. This is particularly the message we see in the evangelistic sermons in Acts and is therefore an essential part of the picture. However, I would also argue that the Gospel and the church are seen not only as a prophetic symbol of God’s saving work (which they are), but that they are also effectual in that saving work (Rom. 1:16-17). It’s part of this ‘already/not yet’ stuff that G. E. Ladd was always blathering on about.
The Church functions both as a prophetic symbol, but also as an effectual and expanding reality. The message that Jesus is Lord doesn’t only point to the future, but is also the power of God in itself (1 Cor 1).
Luckly, we have guys like you, and guys like Wright who are sure to point out both halves of this to us, and make so much noise in the process of debate that one can hardly aviod running across your ‘mutually edifying’ veiwpoints ;-|
Wright is simply reacting against a strong isolationist/gnostic ideology that permiates large portions of the evangellical movement. I can dig that.
Aaron Christianson
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Re: NT Wright, mission, and the big red balloon
Hi Andrew Perriman,
Appreciate your effort brother, but I have to challenge you concerning an assertion you make and then try to defend. You wrote in about the 5th paragraph,
"There is no vision of the whole earth being brought under the kingship of God."
I love you brother, and believe your heart is in the right place, but I just have to say, "HELLO! Have you never read Psalms 2 and 22? Here is the NIV rendering. please take full notice of such words as:
nations (1),
kings (2),
EARTH (2),
and especially verses 8-10.
Thanks.
Psalm 2
1 Why do the nations conspire and the peoples plot in vain?
2 The kings of the earth take their stand and the rulers gather together against the LORD and against his Anointed One.
3 "Let us break their chains," they say, "and throw off their fetters."
4 The One enthroned in heaven laughs; the Lord scoffs at them.
5 Then he rebukes them in his anger and terrifies them in his wrath, saying,
6 "I have installed my King on Zion, my holy hill."
7 I will proclaim the decree of the LORD : He said to me, "You are my Son ; today I have become your Father.
8 Ask of me, and I will make the nations your inheritance, the ends of the earth your possession.
9 You will rule them with an iron scepter ; you will dash them to pieces like pottery."
10 Therefore, you kings, be wise; be warned, you rulers of the earth.
11 Serve the LORD with fear and rejoice with trembling.
12 Kiss the Son, lest he be angry and you be destroyed in your way, for his wrath can flare up in a moment. Blessed are all who take refuge in him.
And then Andrew, Psalm 22, and I will simply present the ending:
27 All the ends of the earth will remember and turn to the LORD, and all the families of the nations will bow down before him,
28 for dominion belongs to the LORD and he rules over the nations.
29 All the rich of the earth will feast and worship; all who go down to the dust will kneel before him— those who cannot keep themselves alive.
30 Posterity will serve him; future generations will be told about the Lord.
31 They will proclaim his righteousness to a people yet unborn— for he has done it.
If that is not a pronouncement of total victory over this EARTH, please brother, share with me what would be? These passages foreshadow the words of our Lord instructing us as to our perspective and proper focus, "Thy will be done, on EARTH, as it is in Heaven," and, "occupy until I come." And the ever expanding Kingdom (i.e., remember the mustard seed…) is bringing this to pass.
Consider these choice quotes:
The Scriptures, both of the Old and New Testament, clearly reveal that the gospel is to exercise an influence over all branches of the human family, immeasurably more extensive and more thoroughly transforming than any it has ever realized in time past. This end is to be gradually attained through the spiritual presence of Christ in the ordinary dispensation of Providence and the ministrations of His church.
A. A. Hodge
David was not a believer in the theory that the world will grow worse and worse, and that the dispensation will wind up with general darkness and idolatry. Earth’s sun is to go down amid tenfold night if some of our prophetic brethren are to be believed. Not so do we expect, but we look for a day when the dwellers in all lands shall learn righteousness, shall trust in the Savior, shall worship thee alone, O God, and "shall glorify thy name." The modern notion has greatly damped the zeal of the church for missions, and the sooner it is shown to be un-Scriptural the better for the cause of God. It neither consorts with prophecy, honours God, nor inspires the church with ardour. Far hence be it driven.
Charles Spurgeon
Warfield quotes, with approval, the words of William Temple who, in 1913, wrote: "The earth will in all probability be habitable for myriad’s of years yet. If Christianity is the final religion, the Church is still in its infancy. Two thousand years are as two days." The implication here is that in time the Church will cover the earth…
(On the Increase of His Government - Isa 9:7) "It would be easy to show that at our present rate of progress the kingdoms of this world never could become the kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ. Indeed, many in the Church are giving up the idea of it except on the occasion of the advent of Christ, which, as it chimes in with our own idleness, is likely to be a popular doctrine. I myself believe that King Jesus will reign, and the idols be utterly abolished; but I expect the same power which turned the world upside down once will still continue to do it. The Holy Ghost would never suffer the imputation to rest upon His holy name that He was not able to convert the world."
C. H. Spurgeon
The training of…mature men is the function of the church. The purpose of the church should not be to bring men into subjection to the church [as an end in itself], but rather to train them into a royal priesthood capable of bringing the world into subjection to Christ the King.
R. J. Rushdoony
Hope these might offer you some new ways of thinking,
Blessings,
Richard Eric Gunby
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Re: NT Wright, mission, and the big red balloon
Envoi, and a warning against playing with dangerous toys and dabbling in speculative theology
George, Who Played With a Dangerous Toy and Suffered a Catastrophe of Considerable Dimensions
by Hilaire Belloc
When George’s Grand Mama was told
that George had been as good as Gold
She promised in the Afternoon
to buy him an immense BALLOON;
And so she did, but when it came
It got into the candle flame
And being of a dangerous sort
Exploded! with a loud report
The lights went out! The windows broke!
The room was filled with reeking smoke
And in the darkness, shrieks and yells
Were mingled with electric bells
And falling masonry and groans
And crunching as of broken bones
And dreadful shrieks when, worst of all
The house itself began to fall!
It tottered, shuddering to and fro
Then crashed onto the street below -
Which happened to be Saville Row
When help arrived, among the dead
Were Cousin Mary, Little Fred,
The Footmen (both of them), the Groom,
The man that cleaned the billiard room,
The Chaplain and the Still-Room Maid
And I am dreadfully afraid
That Monsieur Champignon the Chef
May now be permanently deaf -
And both his aides are much the same
While George, who was in part to blame
Received, you will regret to hear
A nasty lump behind the ear.
Moral
The moral is that little boys
Should not be given dangerous toys
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