Since you mention him, Tom Wright seems to present a way of bringing together the historical (which includes the teaching) and the theological Jesus, especially in ‘Jesus & the Victory of God’ (see the synopsis of the book on this site). The history and the teaching progress seamlessly into the theology. Historically, theology has separated the Jesus of faith from the Jesus of history. The crucifixion/resurrection is separated from the teaching/earthly ministry. Wright has an approach which brings the two together, and still gives us a life-changing gospel for today. If I am understanding your questions correctly.

Having said this, I submit that we still have teaching from Jesus which is timeless, not just historically relative. But a better set of lenses for seeing what he did in history as linked inextricably with the timeless significance of his teaching and ministry.