It is not necessary theologically to attribute all catastrophes to divine judgment or divine intervention. All I’m saying is that Israel interpreted certain national disasters as divine judgment. They would also, no doubt, have recognized that invasion, war, exile, famine, etc., have natural or political causes. But the point is that within the story that Israel told about itself at this time, an event such as Babylonian invasion was bound to be seen as in some way an expression of the will of God - especially since prophets had warned in advance that something like this would happen.

I don’t think this is simply a matter of finding explanations for things that happen - this is a very modern preoccupation. it has to do with the fact that a covenant people (including the church) sees itself as being in a dynamic relationship with God that is not above history, that in fact is expressed through the visissitudes of history.